Genetic Programming Bibliography entries for Lee Spector

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GP coauthors/coeditors: Wolfgang Banzhaf, Bert Baumgaertner, Guillaume Beslon, Rene Doursat, James A Foster, Barry McMullin, Vinicius Veloso de Melo, Thomas Miconi, Susan Stepney, Roger White, Leigh Sheneman, Howard Barnum, Herbert J Bernstein, Christian Blum, Enrique Alba, Thomas Bartz-Beielstein, Daniele Loiacono, Francisco Luna Valero, Jorn Mehnen, Gabriela Ochoa, Mike Preuss, Emilia Tantar, Leonardo Vanneschi, Kent McClymont, Ed Keedwell, Emma Hart, Kevin Sim, Steven M Gustafson, Ekaterina (Katya) Vladislavleva, Anne Auger, Bernd Bischl, Dimo Brockhoff, Nikolaus Hansen, Olaf Mersmann, Petr Posik, Heike Trautmann, Muhammad Iqbal, Kamran Shafi, Ryan J Urbanowicz, Stefan Wagner, Michael Affenzeller, David Walker, Richard Everson, Jonathan E Fieldsend, Forrest Stonedahl, William Michael Rand, Stephen L Smith, Stefano Cagnoni, Robert M Patton, Gisele L Pappa, John R Woodward, Jerry Swan, Krzysztof Krawiec, Alexandru-Adrian Tantar, Peter A N Bosman, Miguel Vega-Rodriguez, Jose M Chaves-Gonzalez, David L Gonzalez-Alvarez, Sergio Santander-Jimenez, Maarten Keijzer, Kenneth L Holladay, Tea Tusar, Boris Naujoks, Ryan Boldi, Ashley Bao, Martin Briesch, Thomas Helmuth, Dominik Sobania, Alexander Lalejini, Franz Rothlauf, Charles Ofria, David M Clark, Raphael Crawford-Marks, Jon Klein, Kalyanmoy Deb, Riccardo Poli, Hans-Georg Beyer, Edmund Burke, Paul Darwen, Dipankar Dasgupta, Dario Floreano, Mark Harman, Owen Holland, Pier Luca Lanzi, Andrea G B Tettamanzi, Dirk Thierens, Andrew M Tyrrell, Li Ding, Edward R Pantridge, Kyle Ira Harrington, Jordan B Pollack, Una-May O'Reilly, Brian Martin, Nicholas Freitag McPhee, James Matheson, Saul Shanabrook, Grace Woolson, James Gunder Frazier, Jayden Fedoroff, Haym Hirsh, John Koza, Conor Ryan, Christian Jacob, Karthik Kannappan, Moshe Sipper, William La Cava, Jake Wisdom, Omri Bernstein, Natalio Krasnogor, Andries P Engelbrecht, David A Pelta, Carlos Gershenson, Giovanni Squillero, Alex Alves Freitas, Marylyn D Ritchie, Christian Gagne, Yew-Soon Ong, Gunther R Raidl, Marcus Gallager, Jose A Lozano, Carlos Artemio Coello Coello, Dario Landa-Silva, Silja Meyer-Nieberg, James Smith, Gusz Eiben, Ester Bernado-Mansilla, Will N Browne, Tina Yu, Jeff Clune, Gregory S Hornby, Man Leung Wong, Pierre Collet, Jean-Paul Watson, Simon M Poulding, Marc Schoenauer, Carsten Witt, Kourosh Danai, Matthew A Lackner, Paul Fleming, Alan Wright, Sara Silva, Jason H Moore, William B Langdon, R I (Bob) McKay, Pawel Liskowski, Sean Luke, Mitchell Finzel, Maggie M Casale, Blossom Metevier, Anil Kumar Saini, Andrew Ni, Scott Niekum, Andrew G Barto, Michael O'Neill, Alan Robinson, Adam Alpern, Kilian Stoffel, Peter John Angeline, Nikhil Swamy, Erik Goodman, Annie S Wu, Hans-Michael Voigt, Mitsuo Gen, Sandip Sen, Marco Dorigo, Shahram Pezeshk, Max H Garzon, Ryan Moore, Christopher H Perry, Mark Feinstein, Ian Lindsay, Bradford Barr, Julian Oks, Eva Moscovici, Lee Spector, Leonardo Trujillo, Emma Tosch, Enrique Naredo, Yuliana Martinez, L Darrell Whitley, David E Goldberg, Erick Cantu-Paz, Ian C Parmee,

Genetic Programming Articles by Lee Spector

  1. Lee Spector and Leonardo Trujillo. Chief editorship transition. Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 25:Article no 22, 2024. Online first. details

  2. Anil Kumar Saini and Lee Spector. Relationships between parent selection methods, looping constructs, and success rate in genetic programming. Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 22(4):495-509, 2021. Special Issue: Highlights of Genetic Programming 2020 Events. details

  3. Thomas Helmuth and Lee Spector. Problem-Solving Benefits of Down-Sampled Lexicase Selection. Artificial Life, 27(3-4):183-203, 2021. Special issue highlights from the 2020 Conference on Artificial Life. details

  4. Michael O'Neill and Lee Spector. Automatic programming: The open issue?. Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 21(1-2):251-262, 2020. Twentieth Anniversary Issue. details

  5. Thomas Helmuth and Edward Pantridge and Lee Spector. On the importance of specialists for lexicase selection. Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 21(3):349-373, 2020. Special Issue: Highlights of Genetic Programming 2019 Events. details

  6. William La Cava and Thomas Helmuth and Lee Spector and Jason H. Moore. A probabilistic and multi-objective analysis of lexicase selection and epsilon-lexicase selection. Evolutionary Computation, 27(3):377-402, 2019. details

  7. William La Cava and Sara Silva and Kourosh Danai and Lee Spector and Leonardo Vanneschi and Jason H. Moore. Multidimensional genetic programming for multiclass classification. Swarm and Evolutionary Computation, 44:260-272, 2019. details

  8. David M. Clark and Lee Spector. Evolution of algebraic terms 3: Term continuity and beam algorithms. International Journal of Algebra and Computation, 5(28):759-790, 2018. details

  9. Lee Spector. Introduction to the peer commentary special section on ``On the Mapping of Genotype to Phenotype in Evolutionary Algorithms'' by Peter A. Whigham, Grant Dick, and James Maclaurin. Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 18(3):351-352, 2017. Special Peer Commentary on Mapping of Genotype to Phenotype in Evolutionary Algorithms. details

  10. William La Cava and Kourosh Danai and Lee Spector and Paul Fleming and Alan Wright and Matthew Lackner. Automatic identification of wind turbine models using evolutionary multiobjective optimization. Renewable Energy, 87, Part 2:892-902, 2016. Optimization Methods in Renewable Energy Systems Design. details

  11. William La Cava and Kourosh Danai and Lee Spector. Inference of compact nonlinear dynamic models by epigenetic local search. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 55:292-306, 2016. details

  12. David M. Clark and Maarten Keijzer and Lee Spector. Evolution of algebraic terms 2: Deep drilling algorithm. International Journal of Algebra and Computation, 26(6):1141-1176, 2016. details

  13. Wolfgang Banzhaf and Bert Baumgaertner and Guillaume Beslon and Rene Doursat and James Foster and Barry McMullin and Vinicius Veloso de Melo and Thomas Miconi and Lee Spector and Susan Stepney and Roger White. Defining and Simulating Open-Ended Novelty: Requirements, Guidelines, and Challenges. Theory in Biosciences, 135(3):131-161, 2016. Special Issue in Commemoration of Olaf Breidbach - Part I. details

  14. Thomas Helmuth and Lee Spector and James Matheson. Solving Uncompromising Problems with Lexicase Selection. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 19(5):630-643, 2015. details

  15. Scott Niekum and Andrew G. Barto and Lee Spector. Genetic Programming for Reward Function Search. IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development, 2(2):83-90, 2010. details

  16. Lee Spector. Introduction to the Special Issue on genetic programming for human-competitive designs. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, 22(3):183-184, 2008. details

  17. Lee Spector and Jon Klein. Machine invention of quantum computing circuits by means of genetic programming. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, 22(3):275-283, 2008. details

  18. Lee Spector. And now, digital evolution. The Boston Globe, 2005. details

  19. Lee Spector and Jon Klein and Chris Perry and Mark Feinstein. Emergence of Collective Behavior in Evolving Populations of Flying Agents. Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 6(1):111-125, 2005. details

  20. Lee Spector and Jon Klein and Kyle Harrington. Selection Songs: Evolutionary Music Computation. YLEM Journal (Artists Using Science and Technology), 25(6 \& 8):24-26, 2005. details

  21. Lee Spector. Book Review: The Quest for the Quantum Computer. Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 3(4):391-393, 2002. details

  22. Lee Spector and Alan Robinson. Genetic Programming and Autoconstructive Evolution with the Push Programming Language. Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 3(1):7-40, 2002. details

  23. Lee Spector. The evolution of arbitary computational processes. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 15(3):80-83, 2000. details

  24. Haym Hirsh and Wolfgang Banzhaf and John R. Koza and Conor Ryan and Lee Spector and Christian Jacob. Genetic Programming. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 15(3):74-84, 2000. details

  25. Howard Barnum and Herbert J Bernstein and Lee Spector. Quantum circuits for OR and AND of ORs. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, 33(45):8047-8057, 2000. details

  26. Lee Spector. Automatic Generation of Intelligent Agent Programs. IEEE Expert, 12(1):3-4, 1997. details

Genetic Programming Books by Lee Spector

Genetic Programming Conference proceedings edited by Lee Spector

  1. Wolfgang Banzhaf and Lee Spector and Leigh Sheneman editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice XVI. Ann Arbor, USA, Springer, 2018. details

  2. Christian Blum and Enrique Alba and Thomas Bartz-Beielstein and Daniele Loiacono and Francisco Luna and Joern Mehnen and Gabriela Ochoa and Mike Preuss and Emilia Tantar and Leonardo Vanneschi and Kent McClymont and Ed Keedwell and Emma Hart and Kevin Sim and Steven Gustafson and Ekaterina Vladislavleva and Anne Auger and Bernd Bischl and Dimo Brockhoff and Nikolaus Hansen and Olaf Mersmann and Petr Posik and Heike Trautmann and Muhammad Iqbal and Kamran Shafi and Ryan Urbanowicz and Stefan Wagner and Michael Affenzeller and David Walker and Richard Everson and Jonathan Fieldsend and Forrest Stonedahl and William Rand and Stephen L. Smith and Stefano Cagnoni and Robert M. Patton and Gisele L. Pappa and John Woodward and Jerry Swan and Krzysztof Krawiec and Alexandru-Adrian Tantar and Peter A. N. Bosman and Miguel Vega-Rodriguez and Jose M. Chaves-Gonzalez and David L. Gonzalez-Alvarez and Sergio Santander-Jimenez and Lee Spector and Maarten Keijzer and Kenneth Holladay and Tea Tusar and Boris Naujoks editors, GECCO '13 Companion: Proceeding of the fifteenth annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation conference companion. Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2013. details

  3. Natalio Krasnogor and Pier Luca Lanzi and Andries Engelbrecht and David Pelta and Carlos Gershenson and Giovanni Squillero and Alex Freitas and Marylyn Ritchie and Mike Preuss and Christian Gagne and Yew Soon Ong and Guenther Raidl and Marcus Gallager and Jose Lozano and Carlos Coello-Coello and Dario Landa Silva and Nikolaus Hansen and Silja Meyer-Nieberg and Jim Smith and Gus Eiben and Ester Bernado-Mansilla and Will Browne and Lee Spector and Tina Yu and Jeff Clune and Greg Hornby and Man-Leung Wong and Pierre Collet and Steve Gustafson and Jean-Paul Watson and Moshe Sipper and Simon Poulding and Gabriela Ochoa and Marc Schoenauer and Carsten Witt and Anne Auger editors, GECCO '11: Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation. Dublin, Ireland, 2011. details

  4. Kalyanmoy Deb and Riccardo Poli and Wolfgang Banzhaf and Hans-Georg Beyer and Edmund Burke and Paul Darwen and Dipankar Dasgupta and Dario Floreano and James Foster and Mark Harman and Owen Holland and Pier Luca Lanzi and Lee Spector and Andrea Tettamanzi and Dirk Thierens and Andy Tyrrell editors, Genetic and Evolutionary Computation -- GECCO-2004, Part II. Volume 3103 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Seattle, WA, USA, Springer-Verlag, 2004. details

  5. Kalyanmoy Deb and Riccardo Poli and Wolfgang Banzhaf and Hans-Georg Beyer and Edmund Burke and Paul Darwen and Dipankar Dasgupta and Dario Floreano and James Foster and Mark Harman and Owen Holland and Pier Luca Lanzi and Lee Spector and Andrea Tettamanzi and Dirk Thierens and Andy Tyrrell editors, Genetic and Evolutionary Computation -- GECCO-2004, Part I. Volume 3102 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Seattle, WA, USA, Springer-Verlag, 2004. details

  6. Lee Spector and Erik D. Goodman and Annie Wu and W. B. Langdon and Hans-Michael Voigt and Mitsuo Gen and Sandip Sen and Marco Dorigo and Shahram Pezeshk and Max H. Garzon and Edmund Burke editors, Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, GECCO-2001. San Francisco, California, USA, Morgan Kaufmann, 2001. details

  7. Darrell Whitley and David Goldberg and Erick Cantu-Paz and Lee Spector and Ian Parmee and Hans-Georg Beyer editors, Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-2000). Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, Morgan Kaufmann, 2000. details

Genetic Programming conference papers by Lee Spector

  1. Andrew Ni and Lee Spector. Effective Adaptive Mutation Rates for Program Synthesis. In Ting Hu and Aniko Ekart and Julia Handl and Xiaodong Li and Markus Wagner and Mario Garza-Fabre and Kate Smith-Miles and Richard Allmendinger and Ying Bi and Grant Dick and Amir H Gandomi and Marcella Scoczynski Ribeiro Martins and Hirad Assimi and Nadarajen Veerapen and Yuan Sun and Mario Andres Munyoz and Ahmed Kheiri and Nguyen Su and Dhananjay Thiruvady and Andy Song and Frank Neumann and Carla Silva editors, Proceedings of the 2024 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pages 952-960, Melbourne, Australia, 2024. Association for Computing Machinery. details

  2. Thomas Helmuth and Jayden Fedoroff and Edward Pantridge and Lee Spector. Facilitating Function Application in Code Building Genetic Programming. In Ting Hu and Aniko Ekart and Julia Handl and Xiaodong Li and Markus Wagner and Mario Garza-Fabre and Kate Smith-Miles and Richard Allmendinger and Ying Bi and Grant Dick and Amir H Gandomi and Marcella Scoczynski Ribeiro Martins and Hirad Assimi and Nadarajen Veerapen and Yuan Sun and Mario Andres Munyoz and Ahmed Kheiri and Nguyen Su and Dhananjay Thiruvady and Andy Song and Frank Neumann and Carla Silva editors, Proceedings of the 2024 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pages 887-895, Melbourne, Australia, 2024. Association for Computing Machinery. details

  3. Martin Briesch and Ryan Boldi and Dominik Sobania and Alexander Lalejini and Thomas Helmuth and Franz Rothlauf and Charles Ofria and Lee Spector. Improving Lexicase Selection with Informed Down-Sampling. In Marcus Gallagher editor, Proceedings of the 2024 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pages 25-26, Melbourne, Australia, 2024. Association for Computing Machinery. details

  4. Ryan Boldi and Ashley Bao and Martin Briesch and Thomas Helmuth and Dominik Sobania and Lee Spector and Alexander Lalejini. A Comprehensive Analysis of Down-sampling for Genetic Programming-based Program Synthesis. In Ting Hu and Aniko Ekart editors, Proceedings of the 2024 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pages 487-490, Melbourne, Australia, 2024. Association for Computing Machinery. details

  5. Lee Spector. Ratcheted random search for self-programming Boolean networks. In Wolfgang Banzhaf and Ting Hu and Alexander Lalejini and Stephan Winkler editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice XXI, University of Michigan, USA, 2024. details

  6. Andrew Ni and Li Ding and Lee Spector. DALex: Lexicase-Like Selection via Diverse Aggregation. In Mario Giacobini and Bing Xue and Luca Manzoni editors, EuroGP 2024: Proceedings of the 27th European Conference on Genetic Programming, volume 14631, pages 90-107, Aberystwyth, 2024. Springer. details

  7. Thomas Helmuth and Edward Pantridge and James Gunder Frazier and Lee Spector. Generational Computation Reduction in Informal Counterexample-Driven Genetic Programming. In Mario Giacobini and Bing Xue and Luca Manzoni editors, EuroGP 2024: Proceedings of the 27th European Conference on Genetic Programming, volume 14631, pages 21-37, Aberystwyth, 2024. Springer. details

  8. Li Ding and Edward Pantridge and Lee Spector. Probabilistic Lexicase Selection. In Sara Silva and Luis Paquete and Leonardo Vanneschi and Nuno Lourenco and Ales Zamuda and Ahmed Kheiri and Arnaud Liefooghe and Bing Xue and Ying Bi and Nelishia Pillay and Irene Moser and Arthur Guijt and Jessica Catarino and Pablo Garcia-Sanchez and Leonardo Trujillo and Carla Silva and Nadarajen Veerapen editors, Proceedings of the 2023 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pages 1073-1081, Lisbon, Portugal, 2023. Association for Computing Machinery. details

  9. Ryan Boldi and Alexander Lalejini and Thomas Helmuth and Lee Spector. A Static Analysis of Informed Down-Samples. In Sara Silva and Luis Paquete and Leonardo Vanneschi and Nuno Lourenco and Ales Zamuda and Ahmed Kheiri and Arnaud Liefooghe and Bing Xue and Ying Bi and Nelishia Pillay and Irene Moser and Arthur Guijt and Jessica Catarino and Pablo Garcia-Sanchez and Leonardo Trujillo and Carla Silva and Nadarajen Veerapen editors, Proceedings of the 2023 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pages 531-534, Lisbon, Portugal, 2023. Association for Computing Machinery. details

  10. Ryan Boldi and Ashley Bao and Martin Briesch and Thomas Helmuth and Dominik Sobania and Lee Spector and Alexander Lalejini. The Problem Solving Benefits of Down-Sampling Vary by Selection Scheme. In Sara Silva and Luis Paquete and Leonardo Vanneschi and Nuno Lourenco and Ales Zamuda and Ahmed Kheiri and Arnaud Liefooghe and Bing Xue and Ying Bi and Nelishia Pillay and Irene Moser and Arthur Guijt and Jessica Catarino and Pablo Garcia-Sanchez and Leonardo Trujillo and Carla Silva and Nadarajen Veerapen editors, Proceedings of the 2023 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pages 527-530, Lisbon, Portugal, 2023. Association for Computing Machinery. details

  11. Lee Spector and Li Ding and Ryan Boldi. Particularity. In Stephan Winkler and Leonardo Trujillo and Charles Ofria and Ting Hu editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice XX, pages 159-176, Michigan State University, USA, 2023. Springer. details

  12. Anil Saini and Lee Spector and Thomas Helmuth. Environments with Local Scopes for Modules in Genetic Programming. In Heike Trautmann and Carola Doerr and Alberto Moraglio and Thomas Bartz-Beielstein and Bogdan Filipic and Marcus Gallagher and Yew-Soon Ong and Abhishek Gupta and Anna V Kononova and Hao Wang and Michael Emmerich and Peter A. N. Bosman and Daniela Zaharie and Fabio Caraffini and Johann Dreo and Anne Auger and Konstantin Dietric and Paul Dufosse and Tobias Glasmachers and Nikolaus Hansen and Olaf Mersmann and Petr Posik and Tea Tusar and Dimo Brockhoff and Tome Eftimov and Pascal Kerschke and Boris Naujoks and Mike Preuss and Vanessa Volz and Bilel Derbel and Ke Li and Xiaodong Li and Saul Zapotecas and Qingfu Zhang and Mark Coletti and Catherine (Katie) Schuman and Eric ``Siggy'' Scott and Robert Patton and Paul Wiegand and Jeffrey K. Bassett and Chathika Gunaratne and Tinkle Chugh and Richard Allmendinger and Jussi Hakanen and Daniel Tauritz and John Woodward and Manuel Lopez-Ibanez and John McCall and Jaume Bacardit and Alexander Brownlee and Stefano Cagnoni and Giovanni Iacca and David Walker and Jamal Toutouh and UnaMay O'Reilly and Penousal Machado and Joao Correia and Sergio Nesmachnow and Josu Ceberio and Rafael Villanueva and Ignacio Hidalgo and Francisco Fernandez de Vega and Giuseppe Paolo and Alex Coninx and Antoine Cully and Adam Gaier and Stefan Wagner and Michael Affenzeller and Bobby R. Bruce and Vesna Nowack and Aymeric Blot and Emily Winter and William B. Langdon and Justyna Petke and Silvino Fernandez Alzueta and Pablo Valledor Pellicer and Thomas Stuetzle and David Paetzel and Alexander Wagner and Michael Heider and Nadarajen Veerapen and Katherine Malan and Arnaud Liefooghe and Sebastien Verel and Gabriela Ochoa and Mohammad Nabi Omidvar and Yuan Sun and Ernesto Tarantino and De Falco Ivanoe and Antonio Della Cioppa and Scafuri Umberto and John Rieffel and Jean-Baptiste Mouret and Stephane Doncieux and Stefanos Nikolaidis and Julian Togelius and Matthew C. Fontaine and Serban Georgescu and Francisco Chicano and Darrell Whitley and Oleksandr Kyriienko and Denny Dahl and Ofer Shir and Lee Spector and Alma Rahat and Richard Everson and Jonathan Fieldsend and Handing Wang and Yaochu Jin and Erik Hemberg and Marwa A. Elsayed and Michael Kommenda and William La Cava and Gabriel Kronberger and Steven Gustafson editors, Proceedings of the 2022 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pages 598-601, Boston, USA, 2022. Association for Computing Machinery. details

  13. Edward Pantridge and Thomas Helmuth and Lee Spector. Functional Code Building Genetic Programming. In Alma Rahat and Jonathan Fieldsend and Markus Wagner and Sara Tari and Nelishia Pillay and Irene Moser and Aldeida Aleti and Ales Zamuda and Ahmed Kheiri and Erik Hemberg and Christopher Cleghorn and Chao-li Sun and Georgios Yannakakis and Nicolas Bredeche and Gabriela Ochoa and Bilel Derbel and Gisele L. Pappa and Sebastian Risi and Laetitia Jourdan and Hiroyuki Sato and Petr Posik and Ofer Shir and Renato Tinos and John Woodward and Malcolm Heywood and Elizabeth Wanner and Leonardo Trujillo and Domagoj Jakobovic and Risto Miikkulainen and Bing Xue and Aneta Neumann and Richard Allmendinger and Inmaculada Medina-Bulo and Slim Bechikh and Andrew M. Sutton and Pietro Simone Oliveto editors, Proceedings of the 2022 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pages 1000-1008, Boston, USA, 2022. Association for Computing Machinery. details

  14. Lee Spector. Honor all the things: A lexicase selection manifesto. In Leonardo Trujillo and Stephan M. Winkler and Sara Silva and Wolfgang Banzhaf editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice XIX, Ann Arbor, USA, 2022. details

  15. Anil Kumar Saini and Lee Spector. Evolving and Analyzing Modularity with GLEAM (Genetic Learning by Extraction and Absorption of Modules). In Wolfgang Banzhaf and Leonardo Trujillo and Stephan Winkler and Bill Worzel editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice XVIII, pages 181-195, East Lansing, USA, 2021. Springer. details

  16. Anil Kumar Saini and Lee Spector. GLEAM: Genetic Learning by Extraction and Absorption of Modules. In Francisco Chicano and Alberto Tonda and Krzysztof Krawiec and Marde Helbig and Christopher W. Cleghorn and Dennis G. Wilson and Georgios Yannakakis and Luis Paquete and Gabriela Ochoa and Jaume Bacardit and Christian Gagne and Sanaz Mostaghim and Laetitia Jourdan and Oliver Schuetze and Petr Posik and Carlos Segura and Renato Tinos and Carlos Cotta and Malcolm Heywood and Mengjie Zhang and Leonardo Trujillo and Risto Miikkulainen and Bing Xue and Aneta Neumann and Richard Allmendinger and Fuyuki Ishikawa and Inmaculada Medina-Bulo and Frank Neumann and Andrew M. Sutton editors, Proceedings of the 2021 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pages 263-264, internet, 2021. Association for Computing Machinery. details

  17. Lee Spector. Push. In Richard Allmendinger and Hugo Terashima Marin and Efren Mezura Montes and Thomas Bartz-Beielstein and Bogdan Filipic and Ke Tang and David Howard and Emma Hart and Gusz Eiben and Tome Eftimov and William La Cava and Boris Naujoks and Pietro Oliveto and Vanessa Volz and Thomas Weise and Bilel Derbel and Ke Li and Xiaodong Li and Saul Zapotecas and Qingfu Zhang and Rui Wang and Ran Cheng and Guohua Wu and Miqing Li and Hisao Ishibuchi and Jonathan Fieldsend and Ozgur Akman and Khulood Alyahya and Juergen Branke and John R. Woodward and Daniel R. Tauritz and Marco Baioletti and Josu Ceberio Uribe and John McCall and Alfredo Milani and Stefan Wagner and Michael Affenzeller and Bradley Alexander and Alexander (Sandy) Brownlee and Saemundur O. Haraldsson and Markus Wagner and Nayat Sanchez-Pi and Luis Marti and Silvino Fernandez Alzueta and Pablo Valledor Pellicer and Thomas Stuetzle and Matthew Johns and Nick Ross and Ed Keedwell and Herman Mahmoud and David Walker and Anthony Stein and Masaya Nakata and David Paetzel and Neil Vaughan and Stephen Smith and Stefano Cagnoni and Robert M. Patton and Ivanoe De Falco and Antonio Della Cioppa and Umberto Scafuri and Ernesto Tarantino and Akira Oyama and Koji Shimoyama and Hemant Kumar Singh and Kazuhisa Chiba and Pramudita Satria Palar and Alma Rahat and Richard Everson and Handing Wang and Yaochu Jin and Erik Hemberg and Riyad Alshammari and Tokunbo Makanju and Fuijimino-shi and Ivan Zelinka and Swagatam Das and Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam and Roman Senkerik editors, Proceedings of the 2020 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pages 1174-1189, internet, 2020. Association for Computing Machinery. Tutorial. details

  18. Anil Kumar Saini and Lee Spector. Why and When Are Loops Useful in Genetic Programming?. In Richard Allmendinger and Hugo Terashima Marin and Efren Mezura Montes and Thomas Bartz-Beielstein and Bogdan Filipic and Ke Tang and David Howard and Emma Hart and Gusz Eiben and Tome Eftimov and William La Cava and Boris Naujoks and Pietro Oliveto and Vanessa Volz and Thomas Weise and Bilel Derbel and Ke Li and Xiaodong Li and Saul Zapotecas and Qingfu Zhang and Rui Wang and Ran Cheng and Guohua Wu and Miqing Li and Hisao Ishibuchi and Jonathan Fieldsend and Ozgur Akman and Khulood Alyahya and Juergen Branke and John R. Woodward and Daniel R. Tauritz and Marco Baioletti and Josu Ceberio Uribe and John McCall and Alfredo Milani and Stefan Wagner and Michael Affenzeller and Bradley Alexander and Alexander (Sandy) Brownlee and Saemundur O. Haraldsson and Markus Wagner and Nayat Sanchez-Pi and Luis Marti and Silvino Fernandez Alzueta and Pablo Valledor Pellicer and Thomas Stuetzle and Matthew Johns and Nick Ross and Ed Keedwell and Herman Mahmoud and David Walker and Anthony Stein and Masaya Nakata and David Paetzel and Neil Vaughan and Stephen Smith and Stefano Cagnoni and Robert M. Patton and Ivanoe De Falco and Antonio Della Cioppa and Umberto Scafuri and Ernesto Tarantino and Akira Oyama and Koji Shimoyama and Hemant Kumar Singh and Kazuhisa Chiba and Pramudita Satria Palar and Alma Rahat and Richard Everson and Handing Wang and Yaochu Jin and Erik Hemberg and Riyad Alshammari and Tokunbo Makanju and Fuijimino-shi and Ivan Zelinka and Swagatam Das and Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam and Roman Senkerik editors, Proceedings of the 2020 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pages 247-248, internet, 2020. Association for Computing Machinery. details

  19. Anil Saini and Lee Spector. Effect of Parent Selection Methods on Modularity. In Ting Hu and Nuno Lourenco and Eric Medvet editors, EuroGP 2020: Proceedings of the 23rd European Conference on Genetic Programming, volume 12101, pages 184-194, Seville, Spain, 2020. Springer Verlag. Best paper. details

  20. Edward Pantridge and Lee Spector. Code Building Genetic Programming. In Carlos Artemio Coello Coello and Arturo Hernandez Aguirre and Josu Ceberio Uribe and Mario Garza Fabre and Gregorio Toscano Pulido and Katya Rodriguez-Vazquez and Elizabeth Wanner and Nadarajen Veerapen and Efren Mezura Montes and Richard Allmendinger and Hugo Terashima Marin and Markus Wagner and Thomas Bartz-Beielstein and Bogdan Filipic and Heike Trautmann and Ke Tang and John Koza and Erik Goodman and William B. Langdon and Miguel Nicolau and Christine Zarges and Vanessa Volz and Tea Tusar and Boris Naujoks and Peter A. N. Bosman and Darrell Whitley and Christine Solnon and Marde Helbig and Stephane Doncieux and Dennis G. Wilson and Francisco Fernandez de Vega and Luis Paquete and Francisco Chicano and Bing Xue and Jaume Bacardit and Sanaz Mostaghim and Jonathan Fieldsend and Oliver Schuetze and Dirk Arnold and Gabriela Ochoa and Carlos Segura and Carlos Cotta and Michael Emmerich and Mengjie Zhang and Robin Purshouse and Tapabrata Ray and Justyna Petke and Fuyuki Ishikawa and Johannes Lengler and Frank Neumann editors, Proceedings of the 2020 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pages 994-1002, internet, 2020. Association for Computing Machinery. details

  21. Thomas Helmuth and Edward Pantridge and Grace Woolson and Lee Spector. Transfer Learning of Genetic Programming Instruction Sets. In Richard Allmendinger and Hugo Terashima Marin and Efren Mezura Montes and Thomas Bartz-Beielstein and Bogdan Filipic and Ke Tang and David Howard and Emma Hart and Gusz Eiben and Tome Eftimov and William La Cava and Boris Naujoks and Pietro Oliveto and Vanessa Volz and Thomas Weise and Bilel Derbel and Ke Li and Xiaodong Li and Saul Zapotecas and Qingfu Zhang and Rui Wang and Ran Cheng and Guohua Wu and Miqing Li and Hisao Ishibuchi and Jonathan Fieldsend and Ozgur Akman and Khulood Alyahya and Juergen Branke and John R. Woodward and Daniel R. Tauritz and Marco Baioletti and Josu Ceberio Uribe and John McCall and Alfredo Milani and Stefan Wagner and Michael Affenzeller and Bradley Alexander and Alexander (Sandy) Brownlee and Saemundur O. Haraldsson and Markus Wagner and Nayat Sanchez-Pi and Luis Marti and Silvino Fernandez Alzueta and Pablo Valledor Pellicer and Thomas Stuetzle and Matthew Johns and Nick Ross and Ed Keedwell and Herman Mahmoud and David Walker and Anthony Stein and Masaya Nakata and David Paetzel and Neil Vaughan and Stephen Smith and Stefano Cagnoni and Robert M. Patton and Ivanoe De Falco and Antonio Della Cioppa and Umberto Scafuri and Ernesto Tarantino and Akira Oyama and Koji Shimoyama and Hemant Kumar Singh and Kazuhisa Chiba and Pramudita Satria Palar and Alma Rahat and Richard Everson and Handing Wang and Yaochu Jin and Erik Hemberg and Riyad Alshammari and Tokunbo Makanju and Fuijimino-shi and Ivan Zelinka and Swagatam Das and Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam and Roman Senkerik editors, Proceedings of the 2020 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pages 241-242, internet, 2020. Association for Computing Machinery. details

  22. Thomas Helmuth and Lee Spector and Edward Pantridge. Counterexample-Driven Genetic Programming without Formal Specifications. In Richard Allmendinger and Hugo Terashima Marin and Efren Mezura Montes and Thomas Bartz-Beielstein and Bogdan Filipic and Ke Tang and David Howard and Emma Hart and Gusz Eiben and Tome Eftimov and William La Cava and Boris Naujoks and Pietro Oliveto and Vanessa Volz and Thomas Weise and Bilel Derbel and Ke Li and Xiaodong Li and Saul Zapotecas and Qingfu Zhang and Rui Wang and Ran Cheng and Guohua Wu and Miqing Li and Hisao Ishibuchi and Jonathan Fieldsend and Ozgur Akman and Khulood Alyahya and Juergen Branke and John R. Woodward and Daniel R. Tauritz and Marco Baioletti and Josu Ceberio Uribe and John McCall and Alfredo Milani and Stefan Wagner and Michael Affenzeller and Bradley Alexander and Alexander (Sandy) Brownlee and Saemundur O. Haraldsson and Markus Wagner and Nayat Sanchez-Pi and Luis Marti and Silvino Fernandez Alzueta and Pablo Valledor Pellicer and Thomas Stuetzle and Matthew Johns and Nick Ross and Ed Keedwell and Herman Mahmoud and David Walker and Anthony Stein and Masaya Nakata and David Paetzel and Neil Vaughan and Stephen Smith and Stefano Cagnoni and Robert M. Patton and Ivanoe De Falco and Antonio Della Cioppa and Umberto Scafuri and Ernesto Tarantino and Akira Oyama and Koji Shimoyama and Hemant Kumar Singh and Kazuhisa Chiba and Pramudita Satria Palar and Alma Rahat and Richard Everson and Handing Wang and Yaochu Jin and Erik Hemberg and Riyad Alshammari and Tokunbo Makanju and Fuijimino-shi and Ivan Zelinka and Swagatam Das and Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam and Roman Senkerik editors, Proceedings of the 2020 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pages 239-240, internet, 2020. Association for Computing Machinery. details

  23. Thomas Helmuth and Lee Spector. Explaining and Exploiting the Advantages of Down-sampled Lexicase Selection. In Josh Bongard and Juniper Lovato and Laurent Hebert-Dufresne and Radhakrishna Dasari and Lisa Soros editors, 2020 Conference on Artificial Life, pages 341-349, online, 2020. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. details

  24. Thomas Helmuth and Edward Pantridge and Grace Woolson and Lee Spector. Genetic Source Sensitivity and Transfer Learning in Genetic Programming. In Josh Bongard and Juniper Lovato and Laurent Hebert-Dufresne and Radhakrishna Dasari and Lisa Soros editors, 2020 Conference on Artificial Life, pages 303-311, online, 2020. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. details

  25. Edward Pantridge and Thomas Helmuth and Lee Spector. Comparison of Linear Genome Representations For Software Synthesis. In Wolfgang Banzhaf and Erik Goodman and Leigh Sheneman and Leonardo Trujillo and Bill Worzel editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice XVII, pages 255-274, East Lansing, MI, USA, 2019. Springer. details

  26. Lee Spector and Nicholas Freitag McPhee and Lee Spector and David M. Clark and Ian Lindsay and Bradford Barr and Jon Klein. Push: genetic programming for finite algebras. In Richard Allmendinger and Carlos Cotta and Carola Doerr and Pietro S. Oliveto and Thomas Weise and Ales Zamuda and Anne Auger and Dimo Brockhoff and Nikolaus Hansen and Tea Tusar and Konstantinos Varelas and David Camacho-Fernandez and Massimiliano Vasile and Annalisa Riccardi and Bilel Derbel and Ke Li and Xiaodong Li and Saul Zapotecas and Qingfu Zhang and Ozgur Akman and Khulood Alyahya and Juergen Branke and Jonathan Fieldsend and Tinkle Chugh and Jussi Hakanen and Josu Ceberio Uribe and Valentino Santucci and Marco Baioletti and John McCall and Emma Hart and Daniel R. Tauritz and John R. Woodward and Koichi Nakayama and Chika Oshima and Stefan Wagner and Michael Affenzeller and Eneko Osaba and Javier Del Ser and Pascal Kerschke and Boris Naujoks and Vanessa Volz and Anna I Esparcia-Alcazar and Riyad Alshammari and Erik Hemberg and Tokunbo Makanju and Brad Alexander and Saemundur O. Haraldsson and Markus Wagner and Silvino Fernandez Alzueta and Pablo Valledor Pellicer and Thomas Stuetzle and David Walker and Matt Johns and Nick Ross and Ed Keedwell and Masaya Nakata and Anthony Stein and Takato Tatsumi and Nadarajen Veerapen and Arnaud Liefooghe and Sebastien Verel and Gabriela Ochoa and Stephen Smith and Stefano Cagnoni and Robert M. Patton and William La Cava and Randal Olson and Patryk Orzechowski and Ryan Urbanowicz and Akira Oyama and Koji Shimoyama and Hemant Kumar Singh and Kazuhisa Chiba and Pramudita Satria Palar and Alma Rahat and Richard Everson and Handing Wang and Yaochu Jin and Marcus Gallagher and Mike Preuss and Olivier Teytaud and Fernando Lezama and Joao Soares and Zita Vale editors, GECCO '19: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pages 1175-1196, Prague, Czech Republic, 2019. ACM. Tutorial. details

  27. Lee Spector and Nicholas Freitag McPhee and Lee Spector and David M. Clark and Ian Lindsay and Bradford Barr and Jon Klein. Push: genetic programming for finite algebras. In Richard Allmendinger and Carlos Cotta and Carola Doerr and Pietro S. Oliveto and Thomas Weise and Ales Zamuda and Anne Auger and Dimo Brockhoff and Nikolaus Hansen and Tea Tusar and Konstantinos Varelas and David Camacho-Fernandez and Massimiliano Vasile and Annalisa Riccardi and Bilel Derbel and Ke Li and Xiaodong Li and Saul Zapotecas and Qingfu Zhang and Ozgur Akman and Khulood Alyahya and Juergen Branke and Jonathan Fieldsend and Tinkle Chugh and Jussi Hakanen and Josu Ceberio Uribe and Valentino Santucci and Marco Baioletti and John McCall and Emma Hart and Daniel R. Tauritz and John R. Woodward and Koichi Nakayama and Chika Oshima and Stefan Wagner and Michael Affenzeller and Eneko Osaba and Javier Del Ser and Pascal Kerschke and Boris Naujoks and Vanessa Volz and Anna I Esparcia-Alcazar and Riyad Alshammari and Erik Hemberg and Tokunbo Makanju and Brad Alexander and Saemundur O. Haraldsson and Markus Wagner and Silvino Fernandez Alzueta and Pablo Valledor Pellicer and Thomas Stuetzle and David Walker and Matt Johns and Nick Ross and Ed Keedwell and Masaya Nakata and Anthony Stein and Takato Tatsumi and Nadarajen Veerapen and Arnaud Liefooghe and Sebastien Verel and Gabriela Ochoa and Stephen Smith and Stefano Cagnoni and Robert M. Patton and William La Cava and Randal Olson and Patryk Orzechowski and Ryan Urbanowicz and Akira Oyama and Koji Shimoyama and Hemant Kumar Singh and Kazuhisa Chiba and Pramudita Satria Palar and Alma Rahat and Richard Everson and Handing Wang and Yaochu Jin and Marcus Gallagher and Mike Preuss and Olivier Teytaud and Fernando Lezama and Joao Soares and Zita Vale editors, GECCO '19: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pages 1175-1196, Prague, Czech Republic, 2019. ACM. Tutorial. details

  28. Anil Kumar Saini and Lee Spector. Using Modularity Metrics as Design Features to Guide Evolution in Genetic Programming. In Wolfgang Banzhaf and Erik Goodman and Leigh Sheneman and Leonardo Trujillo and Bill Worzel editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice XVII, pages 165-180, East Lansing, MI, USA, 2019. Springer. details

  29. Anil Kumar Saini and Lee Spector. Modularity metrics for genetic programming. In Richard Allmendinger and Carlos Cotta and Carola Doerr and Pietro S. Oliveto and Thomas Weise and Ales Zamuda and Anne Auger and Dimo Brockhoff and Nikolaus Hansen and Tea Tusar and Konstantinos Varelas and David Camacho-Fernandez and Massimiliano Vasile and Annalisa Riccardi and Bilel Derbel and Ke Li and Xiaodong Li and Saul Zapotecas and Qingfu Zhang and Ozgur Akman and Khulood Alyahya and Juergen Branke and Jonathan Fieldsend and Tinkle Chugh and Jussi Hakanen and Josu Ceberio Uribe and Valentino Santucci and Marco Baioletti and John McCall and Emma Hart and Daniel R. Tauritz and John R. Woodward and Koichi Nakayama and Chika Oshima and Stefan Wagner and Michael Affenzeller and Eneko Osaba and Javier Del Ser and Pascal Kerschke and Boris Naujoks and Vanessa Volz and Anna I Esparcia-Alcazar and Riyad Alshammari and Erik Hemberg and Tokunbo Makanju and Brad Alexander and Saemundur O. Haraldsson and Markus Wagner and Silvino Fernandez Alzueta and Pablo Valledor Pellicer and Thomas Stuetzle and David Walker and Matt Johns and Nick Ross and Ed Keedwell and Masaya Nakata and Anthony Stein and Takato Tatsumi and Nadarajen Veerapen and Arnaud Liefooghe and Sebastien Verel and Gabriela Ochoa and Stephen Smith and Stefano Cagnoni and Robert M. Patton and William La Cava and Randal Olson and Patryk Orzechowski and Ryan Urbanowicz and Akira Oyama and Koji Shimoyama and Hemant Kumar Singh and Kazuhisa Chiba and Pramudita Satria Palar and Alma Rahat and Richard Everson and Handing Wang and Yaochu Jin and Marcus Gallagher and Mike Preuss and Olivier Teytaud and Fernando Lezama and Joao Soares and Zita Vale editors, GECCO '19: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pages 2056-2059, Prague, Czech Republic, 2019. ACM. details

  30. Thomas Helmuth and Edward Pantridge and Lee Spector. Lexicase Selection of Specialists. In Manuel Lopez-Ibanez and Thomas Stuetzle and Anne Auger and Petr Posik and Leslie Peprez Caceres and Andrew M. Sutton and Nadarajen Veerapen and Christine Solnon and Andries Engelbrecht and Stephane Doncieux and Sebastian Risi and Penousal Machado and Vanessa Volz and Christian Blum and Francisco Chicano and Bing Xue and Jean-Baptiste Mouret and Arnaud Liefooghe and Jonathan Fieldsend and Jose Antonio Lozano and Dirk Arnold and Gabriela Ochoa and Tian-Li Yu and Holger Hoos and Yaochu Jin and Ting Hu and Miguel Nicolau and Robin Purshouse and Thomas Baeck and Justyna Petke and Giuliano Antoniol and Johannes Lengler and Per Kristian Lehre editors, GECCO '19: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pages 1030-1038, Prague, Czech Republic, 2019. ACM. details

  31. Blossom Metevier and Anil Kumar Saini and Lee Spector. Lexicase Selection Beyond Genetic Programming. In Wolfgang Banzhaf and Lee Spector and Leigh Sheneman editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice XVI, pages 123-136, Ann Arbor, USA, 2018. Springer. details

  32. Lee Spector and Nicholas Freitag McPhee. Expressive genetic programming: concepts and applications. In Carlos Cotta and Tapabrata Ray and Hisao Ishibuchi and Shigeru Obayashi and Bogdan Filipic and Thomas Bartz-Beielstein and Grant Dick and Masaharu Munetomo and Silvino Fernandez Alzueta and Thomas Stuetzle and Pablo Valledor Pellicer and Manuel Lopez-Ibanez and Daniel R. Tauritz and Pietro S. Oliveto and Thomas Weise and Borys Wrobel and Ales Zamuda and Anne Auger and Julien Bect and Dimo Brockhoff and Nikolaus Hansen and Rodolphe Le Riche and Victor Picheny and Bilel Derbel and Ke Li and Hui Li and Xiaodong Li and Saul Zapotecas and Qingfu Zhang and Stephane Doncieux and Richard Duro and Joshua Auerbach and Harold de Vladar and Antonio J. Fernandez-Leiva and JJ Merelo and Pedro A. Castillo-Valdivieso and David Camacho-Fernandez and Francisco Chavez de la O and Ozgur Akman and Khulood Alyahya and Juergen Branke and Kevin Doherty and Jonathan Fieldsend and Giuseppe Carlo Marano and Nikos D. Lagaros and Koichi Nakayama and Chika Oshima and Stefan Wagner and Michael Affenzeller and Boris Naujoks and Vanessa Volz and Tea Tusar and Pascal Kerschke and Riyad Alshammari and Tokunbo Makanju and Brad Alexander and Saemundur O. Haraldsson and Markus Wagner and John R. Woodward and Shin Yoo and John McCall and Nayat Sanchez-Pi and Luis Marti and Danilo Vasconcellos and Masaya Nakata and Anthony Stein and Nadarajen Veerapen and Arnaud Liefooghe and Sebastien Verel and Gabriela Ochoa and Stephen L. Smith and Stefano Cagnoni and Robert M. Patton and William La Cava and Randal Olson and Patryk Orzechowski and Ryan Urbanowicz and Ivanoe De Falco and Antonio Della Cioppa and Ernesto Tarantino and Umberto Scafuri and P. G. M. Baltus and Giovanni Iacca and Ahmed Hallawa and Anil Yaman and Alma Rahat and Handing Wang and Yaochu Jin and David Walker and Richard Everson and Akira Oyama and Koji Shimoyama and Hemant Kumar and Kazuhisa Chiba and Pramudita Satria Palar editors, GECCO '18: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pages 977-997, Kyoto, Japan, 2018. ACM. details

  33. William La Cava and Sara Silva and Kourosh Danai and Lee Spector and Leonardo Vanneschi and Jason H. Moore. A multidimensional genetic programming approach for identifying epsistatic gene interactions. In Carlos Cotta and Tapabrata Ray and Hisao Ishibuchi and Shigeru Obayashi and Bogdan Filipic and Thomas Bartz-Beielstein and Grant Dick and Masaharu Munetomo and Silvino Fernandez Alzueta and Thomas Stuetzle and Pablo Valledor Pellicer and Manuel Lopez-Ibanez and Daniel R. Tauritz and Pietro S. Oliveto and Thomas Weise and Borys Wrobel and Ales Zamuda and Anne Auger and Julien Bect and Dimo Brockhoff and Nikolaus Hansen and Rodolphe Le Riche and Victor Picheny and Bilel Derbel and Ke Li and Hui Li and Xiaodong Li and Saul Zapotecas and Qingfu Zhang and Stephane Doncieux and Richard Duro and Joshua Auerbach and Harold de Vladar and Antonio J. Fernandez-Leiva and JJ Merelo and Pedro A. Castillo-Valdivieso and David Camacho-Fernandez and Francisco Chavez de la O and Ozgur Akman and Khulood Alyahya and Juergen Branke and Kevin Doherty and Jonathan Fieldsend and Giuseppe Carlo Marano and Nikos D. Lagaros and Koichi Nakayama and Chika Oshima and Stefan Wagner and Michael Affenzeller and Boris Naujoks and Vanessa Volz and Tea Tusar and Pascal Kerschke and Riyad Alshammari and Tokunbo Makanju and Brad Alexander and Saemundur O. Haraldsson and Markus Wagner and John R. Woodward and Shin Yoo and John McCall and Nayat Sanchez-Pi and Luis Marti and Danilo Vasconcellos and Masaya Nakata and Anthony Stein and Nadarajen Veerapen and Arnaud Liefooghe and Sebastien Verel and Gabriela Ochoa and Stephen L. Smith and Stefano Cagnoni and Robert M. Patton and William La Cava and Randal Olson and Patryk Orzechowski and Ryan Urbanowicz and Ivanoe De Falco and Antonio Della Cioppa and Ernesto Tarantino and Umberto Scafuri and P. G. M. Baltus and Giovanni Iacca and Ahmed Hallawa and Anil Yaman and Alma Rahat and Handing Wang and Yaochu Jin and David Walker and Richard Everson and Akira Oyama and Koji Shimoyama and Hemant Kumar and Kazuhisa Chiba and Pramudita Satria Palar editors, GECCO '18: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pages 23-24, Kyoto, Japan, 2018. ACM. details

  34. Lee Spector and William La Cava and Saul Shanabrook and Thomas Helmuth and Edward Pantridge. Relaxations of Lexicase Parent Selection. In Wolfgang Banzhaf and Randal S. Olson and William Tozier and Rick Riolo editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice XV, pages 105-120, University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, USA, 2017. Springer. details

  35. Lee Spector and Eva Moscovici. Recent Developments in Autoconstructive Evolution. In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pages 1154-1156, Berlin, Germany, 2017. ACM. details

  36. Lee Spector and Nicholas Freitag McPhee. Expressive Genetic Programming: Concepts and Applications. In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pages 852-871, Berlin, Germany, 2017. ACM. details

  37. Edward Pantridge and Thomas Helmuth and Nicholas Freitag McPhee and Lee Spector. On the Difficulty of Benchmarking Inductive Program Synthesis Methods. In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pages 1589-1596, Berlin, Germany, 2017. ACM. details

  38. Edward Pantridge and Lee Spector. PyshGP: PushGP in Python. In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pages 1255-1262, Berlin, Germany, 2017. ACM. details

  39. Nicholas Freitag McPhee and Thomas Helmuth and Lee Spector. Using Algorithm Configuration Tools to Optimize Genetic Programming Parameters: A Case Study. In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pages 243-244, Berlin, Germany, 2017. ACM. details

  40. Nicholas Freitag McPhee and Maggie M. Casale and Mitchell Finzel and Thomas Helmuth and Lee Spector. Visualizing Genetic Programming Ancestries Using Graph Databases. In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, pages 245-246, Berlin, Germany, 2017. ACM. details

  41. William La Cava and Sara Silva and Leonardo Vanneschi and Lee Spector and Jason Moore. Genetic Programming Representations for Multi-dimensional Feature Learning in Biomedical Classification. In Giovanni Squillero editor, 20th European Conference on the Applications of Evolutionary Computation, volume 10199, pages 158-173, Amsterdam, 2017. Springer. details

  42. Thomas Helmuth and Nicholas Freitag McPhee and Edward Pantridge and Lee Spector. Improving Generalization of Evolved Programs Through Automatic Simplification. In Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pages 937-944, Berlin, Germany, 2017. ACM. details

  43. Lee Spector and Nicholas Freitag McPhee and Thomas Helmuth and Maggie M. Casale and Julian Oks. Evolution Evolves with Autoconstruction. In Tobias Friedrich and Frank Neumann and Andrew M. Sutton and Martin Middendorf and Xiaodong Li and Emma Hart and Mengjie Zhang and Youhei Akimoto and Peter A. N. Bosman and Terry Soule and Risto Miikkulainen and Daniele Loiacono and Julian Togelius and Manuel Lopez-Ibanez and Holger Hoos and Julia Handl and Faustino Gomez and Carlos M. Fonseca and Heike Trautmann and Alberto Moraglio and William F. Punch and Krzysztof Krawiec and Zdenek Vasicek and Thomas Jansen and Jim Smith and Simone Ludwig and JJ Merelo and Boris Naujoks and Enrique Alba and Gabriela Ochoa and Simon Poulding and Dirk Sudholt and Timo Koetzing editors, GECCO '16 Companion: Proceedings of the Companion Publication of the 2016 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, pages 1349-1356, Denver, Colorado, USA, 2016. ACM. details

  44. Lee Spector and Nicholas Freitag McPhee. Expressive Genetic Programming: Concepts and Applications. In GECCO '16 Companion: Proceedings of the Companion Publication of the 2016 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, pages 589-608, Denver, Colorado, USA, 2016. ACM. details

  45. Edward R. Pantridge and Lee Spector. Evolution of Layer Based Neural Networks: Preliminary Report. In Tobias Friedrich and Frank Neumann and Andrew M. Sutton and Martin Middendorf and Xiaodong Li and Emma Hart and Mengjie Zhang and Youhei Akimoto and Peter A. N. Bosman and Terry Soule and Risto Miikkulainen and Daniele Loiacono and Julian Togelius and Manuel Lopez-Ibanez and Holger Hoos and Julia Handl and Faustino Gomez and Carlos M. Fonseca and Heike Trautmann and Alberto Moraglio and William F. Punch and Krzysztof Krawiec and Zdenek Vasicek and Thomas Jansen and Jim Smith and Simone Ludwig and JJ Merelo and Boris Naujoks and Enrique Alba and Gabriela Ochoa and Simon Poulding and Dirk Sudholt and Timo Koetzing editors, GECCO '16 Companion: Proceedings of the Companion Publication of the 2016 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, pages 1015-1022, Denver, Colorado, USA, 2016. ACM. details

  46. Nicholas Freitag McPhee and Mitchell D. Finzel and Maggie M. Casale and Thomas Helmuth and Lee Spector. A detailed analysis of a PushGP run. In Rick Riolo and Bill Worzel and Brian Goldman and Bill Tozier editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice XIV, pages 65-83, Ann Arbor, USA, 2016. Springer. details

  47. Nicholas Freitag McPhee and Maggie M. Casale and Mitchell Finzel and Thomas Helmuth and Lee Spector. Visualizing Genetic Programming Ancestries. In GECCO '16 Companion: Proceedings of the Companion Publication of the 2016 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, pages 1419-1426, Denver, Colorado, USA, 2016. ACM. details

  48. William La Cava and Lee Spector and Kourosh Danai. Epsilon-lexicase Selection for Regression. In Tobias Friedrich editor, GECCO '16: Proceedings of the 2016 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, pages 741-748, Denver, USA, 2016. ACM. details

  49. Thomas Helmuth and Lee Spector and Nicholas Freitag McPhee and Saul Shanabrook. Linear Genomes for Structured Programs. In Rick Riolo and Bill Worzel and Brian Goldman and Bill Tozier editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice XIV, pages 85-100, Ann Arbor, USA, 2016. Springer. details

  50. Thomas Helmuth and Nicholas Freitag McPhee and Lee Spector. Effects of Lexicase and Tournament Selection on Diversity Recovery and Maintenance. In Tobias Friedrich and Frank Neumann and Andrew M. Sutton and Martin Middendorf and Xiaodong Li and Emma Hart and Mengjie Zhang and Youhei Akimoto and Peter A. N. Bosman and Terry Soule and Risto Miikkulainen and Daniele Loiacono and Julian Togelius and Manuel Lopez-Ibanez and Holger Hoos and Julia Handl and Faustino Gomez and Carlos M. Fonseca and Heike Trautmann and Alberto Moraglio and William F. Punch and Krzysztof Krawiec and Zdenek Vasicek and Thomas Jansen and Jim Smith and Simone Ludwig and JJ Merelo and Boris Naujoks and Enrique Alba and Gabriela Ochoa and Simon Poulding and Dirk Sudholt and Timo Koetzing editors, GECCO '16 Companion: Proceedings of the Companion Publication of the 2016 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, pages 983-990, Denver, Colorado, USA, 2016. ACM. details

  51. Thomas Helmuth and Nicholas Freitag McPhee and Lee Spector. The Impact of Hyperselection on Lexicase Selection. In Tobias Friedrich editor, GECCO '16: Proceedings of the 2016 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, pages 717-724, Denver, USA, 2016. ACM. Nominated for best paper. details

  52. Lee Spector. Automatic Programming via Evolution. In Paul Bourgine and Pierre Collet editors, Complex Systems Digital Campus E-conference, CS-DC'15, page Paper ID: 356, 2015. Invited talk. details

  53. Lee Spector. Expressive Genetic Programming. In Anabela Simoes editor, GECCO 2015 Advanced Tutorials, pages 409-434, Madrid, Spain, 2015. ACM. details

  54. Pawel Liskowski and Krzysztof Krawiec and Thomas Helmuth and Lee Spector. Comparison of Semantic-aware Selection Methods in Genetic Programming. In Colin Johnson and Krzysztof Krawiec and Alberto Moraglio and Michael O'Neill editors, GECCO 2015 Semantic Methods in Genetic Programming (SMGP'15) Workshop, pages 1301-1307, Madrid, Spain, 2015. ACM. details

  55. William La Cava and Thomas Helmuth and Lee Spector and Kourosh Danai. Genetic Programming with Epigenetic Local Search. In Sara Silva and Anna I Esparcia-Alcazar and Manuel Lopez-Ibanez and Sanaz Mostaghim and Jon Timmis and Christine Zarges and Luis Correia and Terence Soule and Mario Giacobini and Ryan Urbanowicz and Youhei Akimoto and Tobias Glasmachers and Francisco Fernandez de Vega and Amy Hoover and Pedro Larranaga and Marta Soto and Carlos Cotta and Francisco B. Pereira and Julia Handl and Jan Koutnik and Antonio Gaspar-Cunha and Heike Trautmann and Jean-Baptiste Mouret and Sebastian Risi and Ernesto Costa and Oliver Schuetze and Krzysztof Krawiec and Alberto Moraglio and Julian F. Miller and Pawel Widera and Stefano Cagnoni and JJ Merelo and Emma Hart and Leonardo Trujillo and Marouane Kessentini and Gabriela Ochoa and Francisco Chicano and Carola Doerr editors, GECCO '15: Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, pages 1055-1062, Madrid, Spain, 2015. ACM. details

  56. Thomas Helmuth and Nicholas Freitag McPhee and Lee Spector. Lexicase Selection For Program Synthesis: A Diversity Analysis. In Rick Riolo and William P. Worzel and M. Kotanchek and A. Kordon editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice XIII, pages 151-167, Ann Arbor, USA, 2015. Springer. details

  57. Thomas Helmuth and Lee Spector. General Program Synthesis Benchmark Suite. In Sara Silva and Anna I Esparcia-Alcazar and Manuel Lopez-Ibanez and Sanaz Mostaghim and Jon Timmis and Christine Zarges and Luis Correia and Terence Soule and Mario Giacobini and Ryan Urbanowicz and Youhei Akimoto and Tobias Glasmachers and Francisco Fernandez de Vega and Amy Hoover and Pedro Larranaga and Marta Soto and Carlos Cotta and Francisco B. Pereira and Julia Handl and Jan Koutnik and Antonio Gaspar-Cunha and Heike Trautmann and Jean-Baptiste Mouret and Sebastian Risi and Ernesto Costa and Oliver Schuetze and Krzysztof Krawiec and Alberto Moraglio and Julian F. Miller and Pawel Widera and Stefano Cagnoni and JJ Merelo and Emma Hart and Leonardo Trujillo and Marouane Kessentini and Gabriela Ochoa and Francisco Chicano and Carola Doerr editors, GECCO '15: Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, pages 1039-1046, Madrid, Spain, 2015. ACM. details

  58. Lee Spector. Expressive genetic programming. In Mengjie Zhang editor, GECCO 2014 Advanced tutorials, pages 581-606, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2014. ACM. details

  59. Lee Spector and Thomas Helmuth. Effective simplification of evolved push programs using a simple, stochastic hill-climber. In Christian Igel and Dirk V. Arnold and Christian Gagne and Elena Popovici and Anne Auger and Jaume Bacardit and Dimo Brockhoff and Stefano Cagnoni and Kalyanmoy Deb and Benjamin Doerr and James Foster and Tobias Glasmachers and Emma Hart and Malcolm I. Heywood and Hitoshi Iba and Christian Jacob and Thomas Jansen and Yaochu Jin and Marouane Kessentini and Joshua D. Knowles and William B. Langdon and Pedro Larranaga and Sean Luke and Gabriel Luque and John A. W. McCall and Marco A. Montes de Oca and Alison Motsinger-Reif and Yew Soon Ong and Michael Palmer and Konstantinos E. Parsopoulos and Guenther Raidl and Sebastian Risi and Guenther Ruhe and Tom Schaul and Thomas Schmickl and Bernhard Sendhoff and Kenneth O. Stanley and Thomas Stuetzle and Dirk Thierens and Julian Togelius and Carsten Witt and Christine Zarges editors, GECCO Comp '14: Proceedings of the 2014 conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation companion, pages 147-148, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2014. ACM. details

  60. William La Cava and Lee Spector. Inheritable Epigenetics in Genetic Programming. In Rick Riolo and William P. Worzel and Mark Kotanchek editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice XII, pages 37-51, Ann Arbor, USA, 2014. Springer. details

  61. William La Cava and Lee Spector and Kourosh Danai and Matthew Lackner. Evolving differential equations with developmental linear genetic programming and epigenetic hill climbing. In Christian Igel and Dirk V. Arnold and Christian Gagne and Elena Popovici and Anne Auger and Jaume Bacardit and Dimo Brockhoff and Stefano Cagnoni and Kalyanmoy Deb and Benjamin Doerr and James Foster and Tobias Glasmachers and Emma Hart and Malcolm I. Heywood and Hitoshi Iba and Christian Jacob and Thomas Jansen and Yaochu Jin and Marouane Kessentini and Joshua D. Knowles and William B. Langdon and Pedro Larranaga and Sean Luke and Gabriel Luque and John A. W. McCall and Marco A. Montes de Oca and Alison Motsinger-Reif and Yew Soon Ong and Michael Palmer and Konstantinos E. Parsopoulos and Guenther Raidl and Sebastian Risi and Guenther Ruhe and Tom Schaul and Thomas Schmickl and Bernhard Sendhoff and Kenneth O. Stanley and Thomas Stuetzle and Dirk Thierens and Julian Togelius and Carsten Witt and Christine Zarges editors, GECCO Comp '14: Proceedings of the 2014 conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation companion, pages 141-142, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2014. ACM. details

  62. Karthik Kannappan and Lee Spector and Moshe Sipper and Thomas Helmuth and William La Cava and Jake Wisdom and Omri Bernstein. Analyzing a Decade of Human-Competitive (``HUMIE'') Winners: What Can We Learn?. In Rick Riolo and William P. Worzel and Mark Kotanchek editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice XII, pages 149-166, Ann Arbor, USA, 2014. Springer. details

  63. Thomas Helmuth and Lee Spector. Word count as a traditional programming benchmark problem for genetic programming. In Christian Igel and Dirk V. Arnold and Christian Gagne and Elena Popovici and Anne Auger and Jaume Bacardit and Dimo Brockhoff and Stefano Cagnoni and Kalyanmoy Deb and Benjamin Doerr and James Foster and Tobias Glasmachers and Emma Hart and Malcolm I. Heywood and Hitoshi Iba and Christian Jacob and Thomas Jansen and Yaochu Jin and Marouane Kessentini and Joshua D. Knowles and William B. Langdon and Pedro Larranaga and Sean Luke and Gabriel Luque and John A. W. McCall and Marco A. Montes de Oca and Alison Motsinger-Reif and Yew Soon Ong and Michael Palmer and Konstantinos E. Parsopoulos and Guenther Raidl and Sebastian Risi and Guenther Ruhe and Tom Schaul and Thomas Schmickl and Bernhard Sendhoff and Kenneth O. Stanley and Thomas Stuetzle and Dirk Thierens and Julian Togelius and Carsten Witt and Christine Zarges editors, GECCO '14: Proceedings of the 2014 conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, pages 919-926, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2014. ACM. details

  64. Leonardo Trujillo and Lee Spector and Enrique Naredo and Yuliana Martinez. A behavior-based analysis of modal problems. In Christian Blum and Enrique Alba and Thomas Bartz-Beielstein and Daniele Loiacono and Francisco Luna and Joern Mehnen and Gabriela Ochoa and Mike Preuss and Emilia Tantar and Leonardo Vanneschi and Kent McClymont and Ed Keedwell and Emma Hart and Kevin Sim and Steven Gustafson and Ekaterina Vladislavleva and Anne Auger and Bernd Bischl and Dimo Brockhoff and Nikolaus Hansen and Olaf Mersmann and Petr Posik and Heike Trautmann and Muhammad Iqbal and Kamran Shafi and Ryan Urbanowicz and Stefan Wagner and Michael Affenzeller and David Walker and Richard Everson and Jonathan Fieldsend and Forrest Stonedahl and William Rand and Stephen L. Smith and Stefano Cagnoni and Robert M. Patton and Gisele L. Pappa and John Woodward and Jerry Swan and Krzysztof Krawiec and Alexandru-Adrian Tantar and Peter A. N. Bosman and Miguel Vega-Rodriguez and Jose M. Chaves-Gonzalez and David L. Gonzalez-Alvarez and Sergio Santander-Jimenez and Lee Spector and Maarten Keijzer and Kenneth Holladay and Tea Tusar and Boris Naujoks editors, GECCO '13 Companion: Proceeding of the fifteenth annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation conference companion, pages 1047-1054, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2013. ACM. details

  65. Lee Spector. Expressive genetic programming. In Christian Blum and Enrique Alba and Thomas Bartz-Beielstein and Daniele Loiacono and Francisco Luna and Joern Mehnen and Gabriela Ochoa and Mike Preuss and Emilia Tantar and Leonardo Vanneschi and Kent McClymont and Ed Keedwell and Emma Hart and Kevin Sim and Steven Gustafson and Ekaterina Vladislavleva and Anne Auger and Bernd Bischl and Dimo Brockhoff and Nikolaus Hansen and Olaf Mersmann and Petr Posik and Heike Trautmann and Muhammad Iqbal and Kamran Shafi and Ryan Urbanowicz and Stefan Wagner and Michael Affenzeller and David Walker and Richard Everson and Jonathan Fieldsend and Forrest Stonedahl and William Rand and Stephen L. Smith and Stefano Cagnoni and Robert M. Patton and Gisele L. Pappa and John Woodward and Jerry Swan and Krzysztof Krawiec and Alexandru-Adrian Tantar and Peter A. N. Bosman and Miguel Vega-Rodriguez and Jose M. Chaves-Gonzalez and David L. Gonzalez-Alvarez and Sergio Santander-Jimenez and Lee Spector and Maarten Keijzer and Kenneth Holladay and Tea Tusar and Boris Naujoks editors, GECCO '13 Companion: Proceeding of the fifteenth annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation conference companion, pages 683-714, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2013. ACM. details

  66. Thomas Helmuth and Lee Spector. Evolving a digital multiplier with the pushgp genetic programming system. In Christian Blum and Enrique Alba and Thomas Bartz-Beielstein and Daniele Loiacono and Francisco Luna and Joern Mehnen and Gabriela Ochoa and Mike Preuss and Emilia Tantar and Leonardo Vanneschi and Kent McClymont and Ed Keedwell and Emma Hart and Kevin Sim and Steven Gustafson and Ekaterina Vladislavleva and Anne Auger and Bernd Bischl and Dimo Brockhoff and Nikolaus Hansen and Olaf Mersmann and Petr Posik and Heike Trautmann and Muhammad Iqbal and Kamran Shafi and Ryan Urbanowicz and Stefan Wagner and Michael Affenzeller and David Walker and Richard Everson and Jonathan Fieldsend and Forrest Stonedahl and William Rand and Stephen L. Smith and Stefano Cagnoni and Robert M. Patton and Gisele L. Pappa and John Woodward and Jerry Swan and Krzysztof Krawiec and Alexandru-Adrian Tantar and Peter A. N. Bosman and Miguel Vega-Rodriguez and Jose M. Chaves-Gonzalez and David L. Gonzalez-Alvarez and Sergio Santander-Jimenez and Lee Spector and Maarten Keijzer and Kenneth Holladay and Tea Tusar and Boris Naujoks editors, GECCO '13 Companion: Proceeding of the fifteenth annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation conference companion, pages 1627-1634, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2013. ACM. details

  67. Emma Tosch and Lee Spector. Achieving COSMOS: a metric for determining when to give up and when to reach for the stars. In Kent McClymont and Ed Keedwell editors, 1st workshop on Understanding Problems (GECCO-UP), pages 417-424, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 2012. ACM. details

  68. Lee Spector. Assessment of Problem Modality by Differential Performance of Lexicase Selection in Genetic Programming: A Preliminary Report. In Kent McClymont and Ed Keedwell editors, 1st workshop on Understanding Problems (GECCO-UP), pages 401-408, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 2012. ACM. details

  69. Lee Spector. Expressive genetic programming: tutorial: 2012 genetic and evolutionary computation conference (GECCO-2012). In Gabriela Ochoa editor, GECCO 2012 Advanced tutorials, pages 983-1012, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 2012. ACM. details

  70. Lee Spector and Kyle Harrington and Thomas Helmuth. Tag-based modularity in tree-based genetic programming. In Terry Soule and Anne Auger and Jason Moore and David Pelta and Christine Solnon and Mike Preuss and Alan Dorin and Yew-Soon Ong and Christian Blum and Dario Landa Silva and Frank Neumann and Tina Yu and Aniko Ekart and Will Browne and Tim Kovacs and Man-Leung Wong and Clara Pizzuti and Jon Rowe and Tobias Friedrich and Giovanni Squillero and Nicolas Bredeche and Stephen L. Smith and Alison Motsinger-Reif and Jose Lozano and Martin Pelikan and Silja Meyer-Nienberg and Christian Igel and Greg Hornby and Rene Doursat and Steve Gustafson and Gustavo Olague and Shin Yoo and John Clark and Gabriela Ochoa and Gisele Pappa and Fernando Lobo and Daniel Tauritz and Jurgen Branke and Kalyanmoy Deb editors, GECCO '12: Proceedings of the fourteenth international conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation conference, pages 815-822, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 2012. ACM. details

  71. Thomas Helmuth and Lee Spector. Empirical investigation of size-based tournaments for node selection in genetic programming. In Terry Soule and Anne Auger and Jason Moore and David Pelta and Christine Solnon and Mike Preuss and Alan Dorin and Yew-Soon Ong and Christian Blum and Dario Landa Silva and Frank Neumann and Tina Yu and Aniko Ekart and Will Browne and Tim Kovacs and Man-Leung Wong and Clara Pizzuti and Jon Rowe and Tobias Friedrich and Giovanni Squillero and Nicolas Bredeche and Stephen L. Smith and Alison Motsinger-Reif and Jose Lozano and Martin Pelikan and Silja Meyer-Nienberg and Christian Igel and Greg Hornby and Rene Doursat and Steve Gustafson and Gustavo Olague and Shin Yoo and John Clark and Gabriela Ochoa and Gisele Pappa and Fernando Lobo and Daniel Tauritz and Jurgen Branke and Kalyanmoy Deb editors, GECCO Companion '12: Proceedings of the fourteenth international conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation conference companion, pages 1485-1486, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 2012. ACM. details

  72. Kyle I. Harrington and Lee Spector and Jordan B. Pollack and Una-May O'Reilly. Autoconstructive evolution for structural problems. In Gisele L. Pappa and John Woodward and Matthew R. Hyde and Jerry Swan editors, GECCO 2012 2nd Workshop on Evolutionary Computation for the Automated Design of Algorithms, pages 75-82, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 2012. ACM. details

  73. Lee Spector. Evolving quantum computer algorithms. In Christian Blum editor, GECCO 2011 Late breaking abstracts, pages 1081-1110, Dublin, Ireland, 2011. ACM. details

  74. Lee Spector and Brian Martin and Kyle Harrington and Thomas Helmuth. Tag-based modules in genetic programming. In Natalio Krasnogor and Pier Luca Lanzi and Andries Engelbrecht and David Pelta and Carlos Gershenson and Giovanni Squillero and Alex Freitas and Marylyn Ritchie and Mike Preuss and Christian Gagne and Yew Soon Ong and Guenther Raidl and Marcus Gallager and Jose Lozano and Carlos Coello-Coello and Dario Landa Silva and Nikolaus Hansen and Silja Meyer-Nieberg and Jim Smith and Gus Eiben and Ester Bernado-Mansilla and Will Browne and Lee Spector and Tina Yu and Jeff Clune and Greg Hornby and Man-Leung Wong and Pierre Collet and Steve Gustafson and Jean-Paul Watson and Moshe Sipper and Simon Poulding and Gabriela Ochoa and Marc Schoenauer and Carsten Witt and Anne Auger editors, GECCO '11: Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, pages 1419-1426, Dublin, Ireland, 2011. ACM. details

  75. Scott Niekum and Lee Spector and Andrew Barto. Evolution of reward functions for reinforcement learning. In Natalio Krasnogor and Pier Luca Lanzi and Andries Engelbrecht and David Pelta and Carlos Gershenson and Giovanni Squillero and Alex Freitas and Marylyn Ritchie and Mike Preuss and Christian Gagne and Yew Soon Ong and Guenther Raidl and Marcus Gallager and Jose Lozano and Carlos Coello-Coello and Dario Landa Silva and Nikolaus Hansen and Silja Meyer-Nieberg and Jim Smith and Gus Eiben and Ester Bernado-Mansilla and Will Browne and Lee Spector and Tina Yu and Jeff Clune and Greg Hornby and Man-Leung Wong and Pierre Collet and Steve Gustafson and Jean-Paul Watson and Moshe Sipper and Simon Poulding and Gabriela Ochoa and Marc Schoenauer and Carsten Witt and Anne Auger editors, GECCO '11: Proceedings of the 13th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation, pages 177-178, Dublin, Ireland, 2011. ACM. details

  76. Thomas Helmuth and Lee Spector and Brian Martin. Size-based tournaments for node selection. In Miguel Nicolau editor, GECCO 2011 Graduate students workshop, pages 799-802, Dublin, Ireland, 2011. ACM. details

  77. Lee Spector. Evolution of quantum algorithms. In Una-May O'Reilly editor, GECCO 2010 Specialized techniques and applications tutorials, pages 2739-2768, Portland, Oregon, USA, 2010. ACM. details

  78. Lee Spector. Quantum computing. In Marc Ebner and Mike Cattolico and Jano van Hemert and Steven Gustafson and Laurence D. Merkle and Frank W. Moore and Clare Bates Congdon and Christopher D. Clack and Frank W. Moore and William Rand and Sevan G. Ficici and Rick Riolo and Jaume Bacardit and Ester Bernado-Mansilla and Martin V. Butz and Stephen L. Smith and Stefano Cagnoni and Mark Hauschild and Martin Pelikan and Kumara Sastry editors, GECCO-2008 tutorials, pages 2865-2894, Atlanta, GA, USA, 2008. ACM. details

  79. Lee Spector and David M. Clark and Ian Lindsay and Bradford Barr and Jon Klein. Genetic programming for finite algebras. In Maarten Keijzer and Giuliano Antoniol and Clare Bates Congdon and Kalyanmoy Deb and Benjamin Doerr and Nikolaus Hansen and John H. Holmes and Gregory S. Hornby and Daniel Howard and James Kennedy and Sanjeev Kumar and Fernando G. Lobo and Julian Francis Miller and Jason Moore and Frank Neumann and Martin Pelikan and Jordan Pollack and Kumara Sastry and Kenneth Stanley and Adrian Stoica and El-Ghazali Talbi and Ingo Wegener editors, GECCO '08: Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, pages 1291-1298, Atlanta, GA, USA, 2008. ACM. details

  80. Jon Klein and Lee Spector. Unwitting distributed genetic programming via asynchronous JavaScript and XML. In Dirk Thierens and Hans-Georg Beyer and Josh Bongard and Jurgen Branke and John Andrew Clark and Dave Cliff and Clare Bates Congdon and Kalyanmoy Deb and Benjamin Doerr and Tim Kovacs and Sanjeev Kumar and Julian F. Miller and Jason Moore and Frank Neumann and Martin Pelikan and Riccardo Poli and Kumara Sastry and Kenneth Owen Stanley and Thomas Stutzle and Richard A Watson and Ingo Wegener editors, GECCO '07: Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, volume 2, pages 1628-1635, London, 2007. ACM Press. details

  81. Lee Spector and Jon Klein and Maarten Keijzer. The Push3 execution stack and the evolution of control. In Hans-Georg Beyer and Una-May O'Reilly and Dirk V. Arnold and Wolfgang Banzhaf and Christian Blum and Eric W. Bonabeau and Erick Cantu-Paz and Dipankar Dasgupta and Kalyanmoy Deb and James A. Foster and Edwin D. de Jong and Hod Lipson and Xavier Llora and Spiros Mancoridis and Martin Pelikan and Guenther R. Raidl and Terence Soule and Andy M. Tyrrell and Jean-Paul Watson and Eckart Zitzler editors, GECCO 2005: Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, volume 2, pages 1689-1696, Washington DC, USA, 2005. ACM Press. details

  82. Raphael Crawford-Marks and Lee Spector and Jon Klein. Virtual Witches and Warlocks: A Quidditch Simulator and Quidditch-Playing Teams Coevolved via Genetic Programming. In Maarten Keijzer editor, Late Breaking Papers at the 2004 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, Seattle, Washington, USA, 2004. details

  83. Lee Spector and H. J. Bernstein. Communication Capacities of Some Quantum Gates, Discovered in Part through Genetic Programming. In Jeffrey H. Shapiro and Osamu Hirota editors, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Quantum Communication, Measurement, and Computing (QCMC), pages 500-503, 2003. Rinton Press. details

  84. Lee Spector and Alan Robinson. Multi-type, Self-adaptive Genetic Programming as an Agent Creation Tool. In Alwyn M. Barry editor, GECCO 2002: Proceedings of the Bird of a Feather Workshops, Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pages 73-80, New York, 2002. AAAI. details

  85. Alan Robinson and Lee Spector. Using Genetic Programming with Multiple Data Types and Automatic Modularization to Evolve Decentralized and Coordinated Navigation in Multi-Agent Systems. In Erick Cant\'u-Paz editor, Late Breaking Papers at the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-2002), pages 391-396, New York, NY, 2002. AAAI. details

  86. Raphael Crawford-Marks and Lee Spector. Size Control Via Size Fair Genetic Operators In The PushGP Genetic Programming System. In W. B. Langdon and E. Cant\'u-Paz and K. Mathias and R. Roy and D. Davis and R. Poli and K. Balakrishnan and V. Honavar and G. Rudolph and J. Wegener and L. Bull and M. A. Potter and A. C. Schultz and J. F. Miller and E. Burke and N. Jonoska editors, GECCO 2002: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pages 733-739, New York, 2002. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. details

  87. Lee Spector. Adaptive populations of endogenously diversifying Pushpop organisms are reliably diverse. In Russell K. Standish and Mark A. Bedau and Hussein A. Abbass editors, Proceedings of Artificial Life VIII, the 8th International Conference on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems, pages 142-145, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2002. The MIT Press. details

  88. Lee Spector and Ryan Moore and Alan Robinson. Virtual Quidditch: A Challenge Problem for Automatically Programmed Software Agents. In Erik D. Goodman editor, 2001 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Late Breaking Papers, pages 384-389, San Francisco, California, USA, 2001. details

  89. Lee Spector. Autoconstructive Evolution: Push, PushGP, and Pushpop. In Lee Spector and Erik D. Goodman and Annie Wu and W. B. Langdon and Hans-Michael Voigt and Mitsuo Gen and Sandip Sen and Marco Dorigo and Shahram Pezeshk and Max H. Garzon and Edmund Burke editors, Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-2001), pages 137-146, San Francisco, California, USA, 2001. Morgan Kaufmann. details

  90. Lee Spector and Howard Barnum and Herbert J. Bernstein and Nikhil Swamy. Finding a Better-than-Classical Quantum AND/OR Algorithm using Genetic Programming. In Peter J. Angeline and Zbyszek Michalewicz and Marc Schoenauer and Xin Yao and Ali Zalzala editors, Proceedings of the Congress on Evolutionary Computation, volume 3, pages 2239-2246, Mayflower Hotel, Washington D.C., USA, 1999. IEEE Press. details

  91. Lee Spector and Howard Barnum and Herbert J. Bernstein. Genetic Programming for Quantum Computers. In John R. Koza and Wolfgang Banzhaf and Kumar Chellapilla and Kalyanmoy Deb and Marco Dorigo and David B. Fogel and Max H. Garzon and David E. Goldberg and Hitoshi Iba and Rick Riolo editors, Genetic Programming 1998: Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference, pages 365-373, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 1998. Morgan Kaufmann. details

  92. Sean Luke and Lee Spector. A Revised Comparison of Crossover and Mutation in Genetic Programming. In John R. Koza and Wolfgang Banzhaf and Kumar Chellapilla and Kalyanmoy Deb and Marco Dorigo and David B. Fogel and Max H. Garzon and David E. Goldberg and Hitoshi Iba and Rick Riolo editors, Genetic Programming 1998: Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference, pages 208-213, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 1998. Morgan Kaufmann. details

  93. Sean Luke and Lee Spector. A Comparison of Crossover and Mutation in Genetic Programming. In John R. Koza and Kalyanmoy Deb and Marco Dorigo and David B. Fogel and Max Garzon and Hitoshi Iba and Rick L. Riolo editors, Genetic Programming 1997: Proceedings of the Second Annual Conference, pages 240-248, Stanford University, CA, USA, 1997. Morgan Kaufmann. details

  94. Kilian Stoffel and Lee Spector. High-Performance, Parallel, Stack-Based Genetic Programming. In John R. Koza and David E. Goldberg and David B. Fogel and Rick L. Riolo editors, Genetic Programming 1996: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference, pages 224-229, Stanford University, CA, USA, 1996. MIT Press. details

  95. Lee Spector and Kilian Stoffel. Ontogenetic Programming. In John R. Koza and David E. Goldberg and David B. Fogel and Rick L. Riolo editors, Genetic Programming 1996: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference, pages 394-399, Stanford University, CA, USA, 1996. MIT Press. details

  96. Lee Spector and Sean Luke. Cultural Transmission of Information in Genetic Programming. In John R. Koza and David E. Goldberg and David B. Fogel and Rick L. Riolo editors, Genetic Programming 1996: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference, pages 209-214, Stanford University, CA, USA, 1996. MIT Press. details

  97. Lee Spector and Kilian Stoffel. Automatic Generation of Adaptive Programs. In Pattie Maes and Maja J. Mataric and Jean-Arcady Meyer and Jordan Pollack and Stewart W. Wilson editors, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior: From animals to animats 4, pages 476-483, Cape Code, USA, 1996. MIT Press. details

  98. Lee Spector and Sean Luke. Culture Enhances the Evolvability of Cognition. In G. Cottrell editor, Cognitive Science (CogSci) 1996 Conference Proceedings, pages 672-677, Mahwah, NJ, USA, 1996. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. details

  99. Sean Luke and Lee Spector. Evolving Teamwork and Coordination with Genetic Programming. In John R. Koza and David E. Goldberg and David B. Fogel and Rick L. Riolo editors, Genetic Programming 1996: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference, pages 150-156, Stanford University, CA, USA, 1996. MIT Press. details

  100. Sean Luke and Lee Spector. Evolving Graphs and Networks with Edge Encoding: Preliminary Report. In John R. Koza editor, Late Breaking Papers at the Genetic Programming 1996 Conference Stanford University July 28-31, 1996, pages 117-124, Stanford University, CA, USA, 1996. Stanford Bookstore. details

  101. Lee Spector. Evolving Control Structures with Automatically Defined Macros. In E. V. Siegel and J. R. Koza editors, Working Notes for the AAAI Symposium on Genetic Programming, pages 99-105, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1995. AAAI. details

  102. Lee Spector and Adam Alpern. Induction and Recapitulation of Deep Musical Structure. In Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI'95 Workshop on Music and AI, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 1995. details

  103. Lee Spector and Adam Alpern. Criticism, culture, and the automatic generation of artworks. In Barbara Hayes-Roth and Richard E. Korf editors, Proceedings of Twelfth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 3-8, Seattle, Washington, USA, 1994. AAAI Press/MIT Press. details

  104. Lee Spector. Genetic programming and AI planning systems. In Proceedings of Twelfth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pages 1329-1334, Seattle, Washington, USA, 1994. AAAI Press/MIT Press. details

Genetic Programming book chapters by Lee Spector

  1. Lee Spector and Thomas Helmuth. Uniform Linear Transformation with Repair and Alternation in Genetic Programming. In Rick Riolo and Jason H. Moore and Mark Kotanchek editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice XI, chapter 8, pages 137-153. Springer, Ann Arbor, USA, 2013. details

  2. Thomas Helmuth and Lee Spector. Evolving SQL Queries from Examples with Developmental Genetic Programming. In Rick Riolo and Ekaterina Vladislavleva and Marylyn D. Ritchie and Jason H. Moore editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice X, chapter 1, pages 1-14. Springer, Ann Arbor, USA, 2012. details

  3. Lee Spector and Kyle Harrington and Brian Martin and Thomas Helmuth. What's in an Evolved Name? The Evolution of Modularity via Tag-Based Reference. In Rick Riolo and Ekaterina Vladislavleva and Jason H. Moore editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice IX, chapter 1, pages 1-16. Springer, Ann Arbor, USA, 2011. details

  4. Lee Spector. Towards Practical Autoconstructive Evolution: Self-Evolution of Problem-Solving Genetic Programming Systems. In Rick Riolo and Trent McConaghy and Ekaterina Vladislavleva editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice VIII, volume 8 of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, chapter 2, pages 17-33. Springer, Ann Arbor, USA, 2010. details

  5. William B. Langdon and Robert I. McKay and Lee Spector. Genetic Programming. In Michel Gendreau and Jean-Yves Potvin editors, Handbook of Metaheuristics, volume 146 of International Series in Operations Research \& Management Science, chapter 7, pages 185-225. Springer, 2010. details

  6. Jon Klein and Lee Spector. Genetic Programming with Historically Assessed Hardness. In Rick L. Riolo and Terence Soule and Bill Worzel editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice VI, chapter 5, pages 61-75. Springer, Ann Arbor, 2008. details

  7. Lee Spector and Jon Klein. Multidimensional tags, cooperative populations, and genetic programming. In Rick L. Riolo and Terence Soule and Bill Worzel editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice IV, volume 5 of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, pages 97-112. Springer, Ann Arbor, 2006. details

  8. Lee Spector and Jon Klein. Trivial Geography in Genetic Programming. In Tina Yu and Rick L. Riolo and Bill Worzel editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice III, volume 9 of Genetic Programming, chapter 8, pages 109-123. Springer, Ann Arbor, 2005. details

  9. Lee Spector. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding of Genetic Programming. In Rick L. Riolo and Bill Worzel editors, Genetic Programming Theory and Practice, chapter 2, pages 11-23. Kluwer, 2003. details

  10. Lee Spector and Howard Barnum and Herbert J. Bernstein and Nikhil Swamy. Quantum Computing Applications of Genetic Programming. In Lee Spector and William B. Langdon and Una-May O'Reilly and Peter J. Angeline editors, Advances in Genetic Programming 3, chapter 7, pages 135-160. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1999. details

  11. Lee Spector and W. B. Langdon and Una-May O'Reilly and Peter J. Angeline. An Introduction to the Third Volume. In Lee Spector and William B. Langdon and Una-May O'Reilly and Peter J. Angeline editors, Advances in Genetic Programming 3, chapter 1, pages 1-12. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1999. details

  12. Lee Spector. Simultaneous Evolution of Programs and their Control Structures. In Peter J. Angeline and K. E. Kinnear, Jr. editors, Advances in Genetic Programming 2, chapter 7, pages 137-154. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1996. details

Genetic Programming technical reports by Lee Spector

Genetic Programming other entries for Lee Spector