- author = "Nichael Lynn Cramer",
- title = "A representation for the Adaptive Generation of Simple Sequential Programs",
- year = "1985",
- booktitle = "Proceedings of an International Conference on Genetic Algorithms and the Applications",
- address = "Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA",
- month = "24-26 " # jul,
- editor = "John J. Grefenstette",
- pages = "183--187",
- keywords = "genetic algorithms, genetic programming, memory",
-
URL = "
http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/W.Langdon/ftp/papers/icga1985/icga85_cramer.pdf",
-
URL = "http://gpbib.cs.ucl.ac.uk/icga/icga1985.pdf",
-
URL = "
http://www.sover.net/~nichael/nlc-publications/icga85/index.html",
-
URL = "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/645511.657085",
- size = "5 pages",
- abstract = "An adaptive system for generating short sequential computer functions is described. The created functions are written in the simple {"}number-string{"} language JB, and in TB, a modified version of JB with a tree-like structure. These languages have the feature that they can be used to represent well-formed, useful computer programs while still being amenable to suitably defined genetic operators. The system is used to produce two-input, single-output multiplication functions that are concise and well-defined. Future work, dealing with extensions to more complicated functions and generalizations of the techniques, is also discussed.",
-
notes = "The earliest description of the tree-like
representation and operators for use in the application
of Genetic Algorithms to computer programs -
N.L.Cramer
Evolves a multiplier, {"}72% more often than control sample{"} {"}PL- not fully Turing Equivalent{"}, addition of :SET and :BLOCK lead to JB language (nb a list of statements language). JB has problems with crossover -> TB which is as JB but instead of calls to other statements, these other statements are expanded in the first yielding a tree shaped syntax. Crossover operator changed to deal with sub trees! Both languages contain small numbers of global integers. TB Mutation restricted to frindges of tree, ie leaves or first level functions. Inversion: crossover within same program! Goldberg(1989, p 303) says {"}Cramer does not present any results from the use of JB in any genetic trials; however he abandoned these first efforts because of some limited computational experiments{"}.
Fitness based, to some extent, upon internals of program. Limits on prog size via fitness. Forced timeout Goldberg(1987) says timed out progs fitness was calculated.
=>Smith,S.F. IJCAI-83
Publisher not known, sponsored by USA Navy.",
